Geopolitical Implications of Digital Cartography: Google Maps and Name Disputes

The influence of political decisions on digital platforms has reached new heights with recent changes announced by Google Maps, reflecting a shift in how geographical names are presented. Following an executive order from U.S. President Donald Trump, Google Maps will rename the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of America for users in the United States, while retaining the original name for users in Mexico. Additionally, Mount Denali will be renamed Mount McKinley worldwide, following Trump’s directive to honor former president William McKinley. This change will be reflected in Google Maps once the U.S. government officially updates the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS).

The Gulf of Mexico, traditionally recognized as such for over four centuries, and Mount Denali, the highest peak in North America, have both been sources of territorial and cultural contention. The Gulf, bordered by Mexico, Cuba, and the U.S., has long been called the Gulf of Mexico, while Mount Denali, named by indigenous people as "the tall one," was renamed Mount McKinley in 1917, despite the preference for its original name.

Google has historically handled disputed place names with sensitivity, displaying different names based on the user's location. This includes cases like Kashmir, the Persian Gulf, and the Sea of Japan, where place names vary depending on the geopolitical stance of the viewer’s country. Experts suggest that Google’s decision to make these changes stems from a desire to navigate local political demands and maintain business stability, rather than an endorsement of the political changes themselves.

While reactions to these changes have been mixed, with some users even considering alternative mapping services, the broader question remains: are maps truly objective? Geographers argue that maps are a product of the cultural and political values of their creators, reflecting ongoing debates over place names that continue to evolve. In the case of Google Maps, the platform’s decisions impact global perceptions, highlighting the intersection of technology, politics, and geography.