Missouri Judge Declares Abortion Ban Unenforceable Under New Amendment

A Missouri judge has ruled that the state’s near-total abortion ban cannot be enforced under a constitutional amendment passed in November, which establishes a right to abortion. However, this decision has not yet led to the resumption of abortion services in the state.

Jackson County Circuit Court Judge Jerri Zhang found that the abortion ban conflicts directly with the newly adopted constitutional amendment. The ruling also blocks several restrictive abortion measures, including a 72-hour waiting period and informed consent requirements that mandated patients receive state-directed information before undergoing the procedure.

Despite these advancements, the court did not invalidate all abortion-related laws. Notably, the requirement for abortion facilities to obtain specific licensure from the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services remains in place. Planned Parenthood has argued that these licensure requirements, including specifications for hallway and room dimensions, are medically unnecessary and hinder their ability to operate.

Missouri is one of five states where voters approved amendments protecting abortion rights in the 2024 general election. However, these amendments did not automatically repeal existing laws, requiring advocates to challenge specific restrictions in court.

The judge’s preliminary injunction indicates a likelihood that the abortion ban will ultimately be found unconstitutional as the case proceeds. Missouri was among the first states to implement a near-total abortion prohibition following the 2022 U.S. Supreme Court decision that overturned Roe v. Wade, ending the federal right to abortion.

The Missouri Attorney General’s office, led by Andrew Bailey, has yet to comment on the ruling. While Bailey previously acknowledged that most abortions would be legal under the new amendment, his office continues to advocate for certain restrictions, including a ban on abortions after fetal viability and regulations that critics argue made providing abortions nearly impossible, even before the 2022 prohibition.

Laws that remain enforceable include those limiting abortion procedures to licensed physicians and requiring in-person appointments. However, the judge’s decision temporarily blocks laws prohibiting abortions based solely on a Down syndrome diagnosis, banning telemedicine services for abortion medication, and requiring abortion providers to have admitting privileges at nearby hospitals.

Missouri’s constitutional amendment allows restrictions on abortions after fetal viability, except in cases where the life or health of the pregnant person is at risk. Viability, often occurring after the 21st week of pregnancy, is determined by medical professionals based on the likelihood of the fetus surviving outside the uterus.

While this ruling marks a significant step for abortion rights in Missouri, it underscores the ongoing legal battles over access to reproductive healthcare in the state.