Historic agreement reached between the UK and EU over Gibraltar

An important agreement has been finalized between the United Kingdom, European Union, Spain, and the Gibraltarian governments, effectively resolving one of the remaining issues stemming from Brexit. This deal marks a significant step forward in the post-Brexit landscape.

Gibraltar, a British overseas territory with a population of around 34,000, occupies a strategic position at the southern tip of Spain. It has been under British control since 1713, following its cession from Spain, although Spain continues to assert its claim over the territory. In a referendum conducted in 2002, Gibraltarians overwhelmingly rejected joint sovereignty with Spain, with 99% voting against it.

Since the UK's departure from the EU in 2020, Gibraltar has remained a contentious topic in discussions between the British and European governments. The British Prime Minister, Kier Starmer, recently met with European Council President Antonio Costa in London to reset relations following the Conservative government's fall in 2024. During these discussions, both parties expressed optimism about finalizing a separate deal concerning Gibraltar.

The primary point of contention has revolved around the territory's special status within the Schengen Zone, particularly concerning border checks. Approximately 15,000 individuals cross daily from Gibraltar into Spain, necessitating effective border management.

On June 10, British Foreign Secretary David Lammy arrived in Gibraltar to engage in diplomatic talks, emphasizing the need for the territory’s approval before any agreement could be reached. The breakthrough was achieved on June 11 in Brussels, resulting in joint border checks at Gibraltar's airport and ferry terminal. This arrangement ensures that all individuals entering Gibraltar will be subjected to inspections by both British and Spanish officials.

Spain will now oversee Schengen border entry procedures at Gibraltar's points of entry, similar to the checks conducted by French officials at London’s St Pancras for Eurostar travelers. However, immigration and legal authority will remain solely under the jurisdiction of the Gibraltarian government.

Lammy remarked, “This government inherited a situation from the last government that threatened Gibraltar’s economy and way of life. Today’s breakthrough delivers a practical solution.” He reaffirmed the UK’s commitment to supporting Gibraltar.

Fabian Picardo, the chief minister of Gibraltar, welcomed the agreement, stating it would provide “legal certainty to the people of Gibraltar, its businesses, and to those across the region who rely on stability at the frontier.”

This landmark deal effectively resolves one of the final hurdles from Brexit and is poised to significantly influence UK-EU relations.