Iran Responds to IAEA Censure by Activating New Centrifuges

In a recent development following a resolution adopted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (AIEA), Iran has announced the activation of new and advanced centrifuges, marking a significant escalation in the country's nuclear activities. This move comes in response to the IAEA's censure of Iran for its lack of cooperation in nuclear inspections.

The resolution, which was supported by the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany, was passed during a meeting of the IAEA's 35-nation board. The motion follows a similar resolution issued in June, which Iran criticized as “hasty and unwise.” Despite this condemnation, Iran’s Atomic Energy Organization and Ministry of Foreign Affairs responded by confirming the order to launch the new centrifuges, powerful machines that spin uranium hexafluoride gas to increase its purity.

In their joint statement, Iranian officials emphasized that technical cooperation with the IAEA would continue as outlined in previous agreements. However, they made it clear that Iran would not relent in the face of international pressure regarding its nuclear program.

The censure came amid concerns expressed by IAEA Director General Rafael Grossi, who noted his “deep concern” about the discovery of “undeclared nuclear material” at undisclosed locations within Iran. This raised alarms regarding the country’s compliance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Grossi’s remarks were particularly pointed about the failure to declare nuclear materials used in the country, which violated Iran’s safeguard obligations under the treaty.

Despite these tensions, Grossi indicated some progress during his recent trip to Tehran, where he reported that Iran had agreed to cap its stockpile of highly enriched uranium at a level significantly lower than the weapons-grade threshold, set at 90 percent enrichment. Instead, Iran has agreed to limit its enrichment to 60 percent purity, a move that has been seen as a step toward mitigating fears of nuclear weapon development.

The IAEA’s resolution also demanded that Iran provide “technically credible explanations” for the presence of uranium particles discovered at two undeclared locations near Tehran, namely Varamin and Turquzabad. These sites, identified by IAEA inspectors, have raised suspicions about the transparency of Iran’s nuclear activities.

The vote on the resolution saw 19 members of the IAEA board in favor, with Russia, China, and Burkina Faso voting against it. A dozen countries abstained from the vote, while one country did not cast a vote. China and Russia have consistently opposed similar resolutions in the past, including those passed in 2020, 2022, and June 2024, highlighting the ongoing geopolitical divisions over how to handle Iran’s nuclear ambitions.

As tensions rise, this resolution and Iran's subsequent response underscore the complex diplomatic landscape surrounding the country’s nuclear program. The move to activate advanced centrifuges is a clear signal of Iran’s intent to continue developing its nuclear capabilities, while international calls for restraint and transparency remain at the forefront of global discussions. The situation remains fluid, and the IAEA will continue its efforts to engage with Iran on these pressing issues.