2024: A Year of Unprecedented Climate Records

As 2024 unfolds, it is on track to become the hottest year ever recorded, surpassing the previous high in 2023. This milestone signifies the alarming reality that the planet's average temperature has exceeded 1.5°C (2.7°F) above pre-industrial levels for the first time, a threshold set by the Paris Agreement aimed at combating climate change.

The increase in global temperatures has sparked extreme weather events around the world. From devastating wildfires and hurricanes to catastrophic floods, the year has witnessed a surge in climate-related disasters that have underscored the urgency of taking decisive action to curb greenhouse gas emissions.

Early Records: January to February

The year began with the warmest January on record, setting a new global surface air temperature of 13.14°C, surpassing the previous record set in 2020. This was the eighth consecutive month to break monthly temperature records, a streak that began in June 2023 and continued through 2024.

In February, the Northern Hemisphere experienced its warmest winter on record, while ocean temperatures reached unprecedented levels. The global sea surface temperature hit 21.09°C, surpassing the previous high set in 2023. While El Niño contributed to some of this warming, the effects were felt far beyond the Pacific Ocean, with record sea surface temperatures observed in distant regions like the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

June to August: Extreme Heat and Powerful Hurricanes

By June, the impact of rising ocean temperatures became apparent as stronger storms developed, with Hurricane Beryl marking a historic first as the earliest Category 5 hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic. This powerful storm intensified rapidly, causing catastrophic damage across the Caribbean.

In July, Earth recorded its hottest day ever, with a global average temperature of 17.16°C, breaking previous records set just days before. Cities across Japan, China, and Indonesia, as well as several Gulf countries, faced extreme heat, with temperatures surpassing 60°C (140°F) when factoring in humidity.

August concluded the hottest summer ever recorded in the Northern Hemisphere. Meanwhile, Australia experienced its warmest winter day on record, further highlighting the global nature of the warming trend.

September to November: Floods and Wildfires

September brought unprecedented rainfall and flooding in Europe and West Africa, particularly in Nigeria, where millions were affected by the worst floods in decades. Meanwhile, Bolivia endured its worst wildfire season, with over 10 million hectares burned and air quality severely impacted by carbon emissions from the fires.

In October, torrential rain caused severe flooding in Spain, with Valencia receiving nearly a year's worth of rainfall in just a few hours, resulting in hundreds of fatalities and extensive property damage.

November brought a historic snowstorm to South Korea, where Seoul recorded its heaviest November snowfall in over a century, emphasizing the unpredictable nature of climate extremes.

The Path Forward

As 2024 becomes a year marked by record-breaking temperatures and climate disasters, it serves as a stark reminder of the urgent need for global cooperation to combat climate change. The effects of human activities on the climate are undeniable, and scientists warn that without immediate action, such extreme weather events will become increasingly frequent.

The year’s events reinforce the message that we are in "uncharted territory." As global temperatures remain at near-record highs, it is clear that ambitious climate action is more urgent than ever.