25 Years of Sovereignty: Panama Celebrates Canal Handover Amid Controversy

Panama recently marked the 25th anniversary of the return of the Panama Canal to its sovereignty after decades of foreign control. The celebration, held in Panama City, honored a pivotal moment in the nation’s history but was shadowed by remarks from U.S. President-elect Donald Trump, who has suggested reasserting U.S. control over the vital waterway.

A Ceremony of Pride and Defiance

Panamanian President José Raúl Mulino, addressing attendees at the ceremony, emphasized the canal's enduring place under Panamanian stewardship. Without directly naming Trump, he dismissed any suggestion of foreign interference. “There are no hands involved in the canal other than Panama’s,” Mulino affirmed. “It will remain in our hands forever.”

Trump’s rhetoric, however, has caused unease. Recently, he alleged that Panama was charging unfair fees for passage through the canal, threatening U.S. interests. Trump also claimed Panama was breaching the 1977 treaty that facilitated the canal's transition to Panamanian control, warning of potential consequences if such “violations” persisted.

Strategic Importance of the Canal

The Panama Canal, connecting the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, is a crucial artery for global trade. It eliminates the need for ships to navigate the treacherous and lengthy route around South America. Over the years, the canal has experienced surging traffic and environmental challenges, including droughts that have impacted its operations.

Despite Trump’s assertions, Panamanian officials have reiterated their commitment to the 1977 treaty’s terms. Jorge Luis Quijano, former canal administrator, stated that there is no legal basis for the U.S. to reclaim the canal.

Historical Struggles for Control

The Panama Canal's history reflects a legacy of colonial ambitions and geopolitical maneuvering. Initially envisioned by Western powers, the canal's construction became a reality after the U.S. supported Panama’s independence from Colombia in the early 20th century. In exchange, Panama ceded rights to the U.S. for canal construction and governance, establishing the Panama Canal Zone.

Over time, this arrangement became a symbol of foreign dominance. Protests erupted, particularly on January 9, 1964, when students sought to raise Panama's flag in the canal zone, an event that led to the deaths of over 20 Panamanian demonstrators and is now remembered as Martyrs' Day.

The 1977 treaties brokered by U.S. President Jimmy Carter marked a turning point, guaranteeing the canal's eventual transfer to Panama, which was completed on December 31, 1999.

Remembering the Past, Looking to the Future

This year’s anniversary also included a tribute to Carter, who passed away days before the commemoration. A moment of silence was observed during the ceremony, acknowledging his role in restoring Panama’s sovereignty.

As Panama reflects on the sacrifices and resilience that led to the canal’s return, it remains steadfast in its position. Officials have categorically denied claims of foreign influence over the canal, underscoring their commitment to preserving its neutrality and strategic independence.

The 25th anniversary of the canal’s handover is a reminder of Panama’s hard-fought sovereignty and the enduring significance of the waterway for global commerce. While external pressures persist, Panama’s leadership has reaffirmed its resolve to maintain control over this critical asset, symbolizing both national pride and international cooperation.