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Britain announces largest overhaul of asylum policy in modern times
Britain announced on Saturday that it will implement the most extensive reform of its asylum policy in modern history, drawing inspiration from Denmark’s strict migration framework — a model widely criticized by human rights organizations.
The Labour government has progressively tightened its immigration approach, particularly regarding irregular small-boat crossings from France, in an effort to counter the rising popularity of the populist Reform UK party and demonstrate a firmer stance on migration.
As part of the overhaul, the Home Office said it will revoke the statutory duty to provide certain asylum seekers with housing and weekly financial support. These measures would apply to individuals who are able to work but choose not to, as well as those who break the law. Public support will instead be directed toward people contributing economically and socially.
Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood is expected to release full details on Monday. The department said the objective is to make the UK less attractive to irregular migrants and facilitate the removal of those without legal status.
Mahmood emphasized that while the country has “a proud tradition of welcoming those fleeing danger,” the generosity of the system has encouraged unlawful crossings. She added that the current scale of migration is putting “immense pressure on communities.”
More than 100 British charities urged Mahmood to stop “scapegoating migrants,” arguing that such policies fuel discrimination and violence.
Migration has become the top public concern in recent polls, surpassing even the economy. Between April 2024 and March 2025, the UK received 109,343 asylum applications — a 17% increase from the previous year and above the previous record set in 2002.
Model inspired by Denmark and European partners
According to the Home Office, the reforms draw from policies in Denmark and other European nations, where refugee status is temporary, support is conditional and integration is expected.
Earlier this year, senior UK officials visited Copenhagen to analyze Denmark’s approach, where asylum seekers typically receive two-year temporary permits and must reapply once they expire. If authorities deem their home country safe, they can be repatriated. Denmark has also toughened family reunification rules and even introduced legislation in 2016 allowing authorities to seize valuables from asylum seekers to offset costs.
Currently, the UK grants refugee status for five years, after which individuals may seek permanent settlement if they meet certain criteria.
The Home Office noted that Denmark’s strict policies have contributed to a 40-year low in asylum claims and the removal of 95% of rejected applicants.
Human rights concerns
Rights groups argue that Denmark’s system undermines humanitarian protection and leaves migrants in prolonged uncertainty. In the UK, anti-immigration sentiment has increased, with demonstrations outside hotels accommodating asylum seekers.
Across the EU, similar pressures have persisted since the arrival of more than one million refugees — mostly Syrians — in 2015–16. Many member states have prioritized reducing arrivals and increasing returns amid difficulties in agreeing on a collective asylum strategy.