Challenges ahead: the future of the Vatican's leadership

Pope Francis's successor will confront a myriad of challenges, ranging from the contentious role of women within the Church to the Vatican's financial struggles and the persistent clerical abuse scandal.

Unity

Uniting a divided Church stands as a paramount task for the new pope. Over his 12-year papacy, Francis often provoked traditionalists, particularly in the United States and Africa, through his attempts to modernize the Catholic Church. His calls for countries to welcome migrants, restrictions on the Latin Mass, and, most notably, the blessing of same-sex unions have stirred significant debate. The incoming pope must navigate the delicate balance between the Church's conservative and liberal factions.

Sexual abuse

Francis implemented several measures to combat clerical sexual abuse, including the opening of Vatican archives to lay courts and mandating the reporting of abuse to Church authorities. However, victims' associations assert that more action was needed. The issue remains a daunting challenge, particularly in regions where discussing sexual abuse is still considered taboo. Even in Europe, Italy has yet to initiate an independent investigation into allegations of abuse.

Diplomacy

As the leader of 1.4 billion Catholics and the head of the Vatican state, the pope's voice holds significant weight in addressing global conflicts, including those in Ukraine, Gaza, and Sudan. Francis occasionally drew ire from Israel, Ukraine, Russia, and the United States for his remarks on conflicts and immigration. The rise of populist politics, advancements in artificial intelligence, and the climate crisis are pressing issues that will require the pope’s attention, along with the complex relationship with China, particularly regarding the appointment of Catholic bishops.

Women's place

The role of women in the Church continues to ignite discussion. Francis appointed women to significant positions, including naming the first female prefect of a Curia department. However, hopes for the ordination of women as deacons were dashed at the last assembly addressing the Church's future. Francis also worked to enhance the laity's role within the Church.

Fewer priests
The new pope inherits a Church that is experiencing growth in the southern hemisphere while witnessing a decline in Europe. The number of priests worldwide fell by 0.2% to 406,996 between 2022 and 2023, despite increases in Africa and Asia. Variations in church attendance across regions, coupled with the rise of evangelical churches, particularly in Africa, present formidable competition.

Finances

Pope Francis attempted to reform the Vatican's financially troubled administration, yet much remains to be addressed as cardinals prepare for the upcoming conclave. The Holy See continues to grapple with a chronic budget deficit exacerbated by dwindling donations from the faithful.

Style

Francis broke from traditional papal norms by opting to reside in the Vatican's Santa Marta guesthouse, making personal phone calls and responding to letters himself. Nonetheless, he faced criticism for an authoritarian management style and for his candid remarks, which often left diplomats scrambling to clarify his statements. The next pope will need to demonstrate a connection with the faithful while forging a distinctive path without merely emulating Francis.