Spain considers military options for Ukraine peacekeeping mission

Spain remains cautious about sending troops to Ukraine for a potential European Union peacekeeping mission, unlike some of its European counterparts. Current reports indicate that the Ministry of Defence is evaluating multiple scenarios, awaiting developments in peace negotiations.

Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez emphasized Spain's commitment to being part of the solution during a recent statement in Brussels, asserting that the nation would not shy away from its responsibilities on the European front. However, the government has not yet committed to deploying Spanish troops, reflecting a measured approach to the ongoing conflict.

Military sources, as reported by Spanish daily El País, suggest three potential scenarios under consideration: deploying military observers, field instructors, or a deterrent force. Each option presents its own challenges and uncertainties.

In contrast to the United Kingdom and France, Spain has adopted a "wait and see" stance, rooted in the belief that decisions should not be made prematurely. Sánchez reiterated this sentiment, noting the lack of indications from Russian President Vladimir Putin regarding a willingness to negotiate peace. Foreign Minister José Manuel Albares echoed this perspective, stating that discussions surrounding troop deployment are premature until a peace framework is established.

As peace negotiations grow increasingly unpredictable, Spain anticipates a meeting of EU defense leaders in Paris, where troop deployments will be a key topic of discussion. Yet, the absence of a clear position underscores the complexities surrounding the proposed mission, including its mandate, legal coverage, and operational guidelines.

The first scenario under consideration involves a compliance operation following a ceasefire or peace agreement. This mission would oversee prisoner exchanges and ensure adherence to a demilitarized line of contact. Spain's past participation in similar missions indicates a readiness to engage if necessary.

Another option entails enhancing the EU Military Assistance Mission (EUMAM Ukraine), which has trained over 70,000 Ukrainian soldiers since its inception in 2022. While Spain has trained approximately 10% of these soldiers, concerns remain about the safety of training centers, particularly regarding potential Russian attacks.

The third scenario, advocated by UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer and French President Emmanuel Macron, involves deploying troops to both train Ukrainian forces and deter further Russian aggression. This proposal includes the deployment of up to 30,000 troops, a significant number but still far short of the 150,000 that Ukraine claims it requires.

Following the Paris meeting, Sánchez plans to consult with various political parties within the Spanish Congress. Approval from Congress is mandatory for troop deployment, and opposition from the junior coalition partner, Podemos, complicates the government's position.

If a European military mission is established in Ukraine, Spain is likely to contribute in some capacity, reflecting its commitment to regional stability.