China Boosts Economic Growth amid Unprecedented Global Shifts

China is intensifying its economic growth efforts as it navigates rapid global changes and rising trade tensions with the United States. The country has introduced additional fiscal stimulus, prioritizing domestic consumption and economic stability while aiming for a 5% growth rate in 2025.

Premier Li Qiang, addressing the annual parliamentary meeting, highlighted the increasing complexity of global trade, science, and technology, emphasizing the challenges China faces due to external pressures. The ongoing trade dispute with the U.S. has put pressure on China's industrial sector, while weak domestic demand and a struggling real estate market further threaten economic stability.

China has elevated consumer spending as a top priority, marking a shift in economic policy. References to "consumption" surged in Li’s report, reflecting a strategic effort to reduce dependence on exports and investment-driven growth. However, past attempts to transition to a consumption-led economy have made little progress, leaving investors cautious.

In line with its growth objectives, China has set a budget deficit target of around 4% and plans to issue 1.3 trillion yuan in ultra-long special treasury bonds, alongside an increase in local government debt issuance. These measures aim to cushion the impact of tariffs and stimulate economic activity.

Despite these fiscal policies, direct support for households remains limited. A recently expanded consumer subsidy program focuses on electric vehicles, appliances, and other goods, but broader welfare enhancements are minimal. Analysts argue that China must implement deeper structural reforms, including improvements in taxation, land policies, and financial systems, to sustain long-term growth.

Meanwhile, Chinese exporters are seeking alternative markets to counter declining demand in the U.S., where increased tariffs are straining profitability. The fear of further tariff hikes raises concerns about intensified price competition and potential trade barriers in other regions.

While China’s economy grew by 5% last year, much of the population continues to grapple with job and income instability, reflecting a disconnect between macroeconomic performance and everyday economic realities. As global trade dynamics shift, China faces the challenge of balancing external pressures with strengthening its domestic economy.