60 years of German-Israeli diplomatic ties amid tensions from Gaza conflict

Israeli President Isaac Herzog is scheduled to visit Germany on Monday to commemorate six decades of diplomatic relations between the two nations. This anniversary comes at a complex time as the Gaza conflict and rising far-right sentiment in Germany challenge the longstanding alliance. Herzog's visit will be accompanied by German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier, who will travel with him to Israel to emphasize Germany’s continued responsibility as a key supporter of Israel. Together with their wives, they will visit Israel for two days, engaging with the public and politicians in a display of solidarity.

However, despite the strong ties, relations have faced strains in recent years. Germany’s political landscape has shifted with the rise of the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party, which has openly questioned the nation's approach to its Nazi past and its Holocaust remembrance efforts. A member of the AfD, Bjoern Hoecke, even referred to Berlin's Holocaust memorial as a "memorial of shame." This, alongside concerns about rising anti-Semitism, has made Israel's relationship with Germany more complicated.

The ongoing war in Gaza, ignited by the October 7 Hamas attack, has intensified tensions globally, with accusations that Israel’s response to the conflict has been disproportionate. Germany, while affirming Israel’s right to defend itself, has also called for the country to uphold its humanitarian obligations, especially concerning the civilian suffering in Gaza. The new German Chancellor, Friedrich Merz, and Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul have both called for serious discussions towards a ceasefire, acknowledging the dire humanitarian situation in Gaza.

The 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Israel and Germany comes at a time of subdued celebration, with the war in Gaza casting a shadow over the festivities. Despite this, Israel remains Germany’s most significant ally in Europe, and both nations continue to maintain defense ties, including Israel’s purchase of German submarines and Berlin’s acquisition of Israeli air defense systems.

Yet, a recent survey revealed a decline in German public support for Israel, with only 36 percent expressing favorable views, a drop from previous years. This shift in public sentiment is seen by some as indicative of the increasingly "elite project" nature of the bilateral relationship. Additionally, questions have been raised about the potential visit of Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu to Germany, given an outstanding arrest warrant for him related to alleged war crimes, further complicating the diplomatic landscape.