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Algerian exodus to Spain fueled by unemployment, repression and diplomatic tensions
The Balearic Islands have recently witnessed an unprecedented arrival of irregular migrants. More than 600 people, departing from the Algerian coast, landed on the archipelago — the largest migratory wave in its recent history, according to the Spanish daily ABC.
This surge is the result of a mix of domestic and external factors. Internally, Algeria is facing a severe economic crisis tied to its heavy dependence on hydrocarbon exports. The lack of job opportunities and growing despair among young people, combined with restricted political freedoms, have fueled the phenomenon of harraga — a perilous attempt to cross the Mediterranean by sea.
At the same time, obtaining legal visas for Europe has become nearly impossible due to long and costly procedures, pushing many to risk clandestine journeys despite the dangers involved.
Externally, the reinforcement of security cooperation between Spain, Mauritania and Senegal has complicated the Atlantic route toward the Canary Islands. Smuggling networks now increasingly use the Algerian coast, considered more "permeable." Meanwhile, tighter European and Italian pressure on departures from Libya has reduced flows through the central Mediterranean, further redirecting crossings to Algeria.
Diplomatic tensions also play a role. Relations between Madrid and Algiers deteriorated after Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez shifted Spain’s position in favor of Morocco on the Sahara issue. According to ABC, Algerian authorities have shown “laxity” in intercepting migrant boats.
Although Spanish police sources confirm that technical cooperation with Algerian counterparts continues, they admit that migration management is no longer a priority for Algiers without political concessions.
The upcoming visit of Spanish Foreign Minister José Manuel Albares to Algiers is expected to place migration at the center of bilateral talks. However, analysts warn that negotiations will be difficult as the Sahara dispute remains a major obstacle to restoring trust.