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Bosnian Serb leader Milorad Dodik sentenced on appeal, challenges ruling
On August 1, 2025, the Court of Appeal in Bosnia confirmed the sentencing of Milorad Dodik, the political leader of Republika Srpska (RS), to one year in prison and six years of ineligibility from holding public office. Dodik, who has dominated Serb politics in Bosnia since 2006, was found guilty of defying the decisions of the international High Representative, the figure charged with enforcing the Dayton Peace Agreement.
The conviction sparked immediate backlash. Dodik accused the European Union—of which Bosnia is a candidate member—of orchestrating the trial, denouncing the verdict as politically motivated. In Banja Luka, the capital of RS, he urged Serb institutions to prepare a response, calling the decision illegitimate.
The EU, however, stood firm. “The ruling is binding and must be respected,” stated EU spokeswoman Anitta Hipper.
Dodik's legal troubles stem from two laws he promulgated in July 2024, which blocked the enforcement of the High Representative’s decisions and Constitutional Court rulings within Republika Srpska. His prosecution was enabled by a change in the criminal code introduced by Christian Schmidt, the current High Representative, which criminalizes non-compliance with international decisions.
Despite the finality of the appeal ruling—no further appeal is permitted—Dodik’s legal team plans to take the case to Bosnia’s Constitutional Court and, potentially, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). They are also seeking a temporary suspension of the verdict’s implementation.
Politically, the situation remains volatile. Dodik has encouraged legislative moves that weaken Bosnia's central institutions and faces another ongoing investigation for "attacking the constitutional order." Whether the Central Electoral Commission will move to strip him of his role remains unclear.
While Milorad Dodik claims he has broken no Bosnian laws, critics argue that his actions threaten the fragile post-war balance established by the Dayton Accords. The coming weeks may prove pivotal in defining Bosnia’s political future.