Kenya faces renewed protests amid police killing and budget reforms

As the Kenyan government unveils its latest budget, fresh protests have erupted following the death of a young teacher, reigniting tensions over police brutality in the country.

The budget, designed to avoid the public outrage that sparked last year’s mass demonstrations over proposed tax hikes, is now overshadowed by the killing of 31-year-old Albert Ojwang. Ojwang died in police custody after being arrested for allegedly criticizing a senior officer online, triggering widespread anger.

"You can't kill one of us in prison and then expect silence," said a 22-year-old protester named Tiffany in Nairobi’s central business district.

Hundreds took to the streets in scattered groups, some hurling stones at police who responded with tear gas. Two vehicles were torched, and at least three people were injured by rubber bullets, with one hospitalized, according to AFP.

While smaller in scale than last year’s protests  which culminated in thousands storming parliament and forced President William Ruto to withdraw a controversial finance bill  the recent demonstrations signal continuing public unrest. Last year’s protests led to the deaths of at least 60 people, with many more detained by authorities.

Kenya, a key economy in East Africa, continues to grapple with a high cost of living, limited job growth, and frequent human rights concerns. In contrast to 2024’s citizen-targeted tax increases, this year’s finance bill focuses more on taxing businesses.

Finance Minister John Mbadi acknowledged the need for transparent governance, noting that last year’s upheaval emphasized the value of civic participation. He introduced a new digital platform allowing citizens to contribute to policy discussions, including on budget matters. Parliament observed a minute of silence for protest victims.

However, public trust was again shaken when a tech developer was arrested for creating an alternative website that criticized the proposed budget and allowed citizens to submit complaints directly to the government.

Despite efforts to be less provocative, the 2025 budget still faces criticism. Analysts note that while it attempts to raise revenue by curbing government spending and closing loopholes, it may still burden small businesses through indirect cost increases.

Patricia Rodrigues of Control Risks stated the bill is "clearly designed to avoid controversy" compared to last year, though it still includes hikes in business taxes and social contributions.

Adding to the challenge, the World Bank has revised Kenya’s 2025 growth forecast down from 5.0% to 4.5%, citing global economic pressures. Meanwhile, police accountability remains a pressing concern.

"Our demand is simple: the deputy inspector general must resign and be held accountable," said protester Anami Daudi Toure.