Mali withdraws from Francophonie, following Niger and Burkina Faso

Mali has announced its exit from the International Organization of La Francophonie (OIF), a decision that comes on the heels of similar withdrawals by Niger and Burkina Faso. This move signifies a deepening estrangement from France by these military-led Sahelian nations.

In an official communication, the Malian Ministry of Foreign Affairs articulated that “Mali cannot remain a member of an organization whose actions are incompatible with constitutional principles founded on state sovereignty.” This statement underscores the country’s growing discontent with the OIF, which it perceives as politically biased.

All three nations were founding members of the OIF since its establishment in Niamey in 1970. However, they faced suspension from the organization following military coups. Mali's suspension occurred in August 2020 after the ousting of elected President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita, who had been in power since 2013. The OIF had previously called for Keita’s release and the establishment of a transitional government led by civilian authorities.

A joint declaration from the foreign ministers of the Alliance of Sahel States (AES)—which includes Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso—criticized the Paris-based organization for becoming “a politically manipulated instrument.” They contended that instead of aiding these nations in fulfilling their citizens’ legitimate aspirations, the OIF has selectively enforced sanctions based on geopolitical interests, undermining their sovereignty.

This withdrawal also reflects a significant shift in Mali’s linguistic policies. In July 2023, the country downgraded French from its status as an official language to that of a “working language” under a new constitution, while elevating multiple indigenous languages to official status. Of Mali's population exceeding 23 million, around 3.7 million are French speakers.

The Sahelian countries have been progressively distancing themselves from French influence. In December 2024, Mali renamed numerous streets in its capital, Bamako, that had previously honored French colonial figures. Similarly, in Niger, the “Place de la Francophonie” was renamed to “Place de l’Alliance des Etats du Sahel.”

This recent decision follows the trio's January 2024 exit from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), which they accused of being subservient to France. This withdrawal became effective in January 2025.

With ties to France and European partners severed, these military-led nations are increasingly aligning themselves with Moscow. The OIF, comprising 90 member states, aims to promote the French language and cultural diversity, as well as uphold peace, democracy, and human rights.

Despite efforts by West African leaders, including mediation attempts by Ghanaian President John Dramani Mahama, the Sahelian alliance remains steadfast in its commitment to sovereignty and continues its political reorientation away from traditional French influence.