Syria’s interim leader initiates national dialogue on political transition

Syria's de facto leader, Ahmed al-Sharaa, reiterated his commitment to a democratic political transition as discussions about the country's future commenced. On Tuesday, al-Sharaa urged Syrians to unite and announced plans to establish a transitional justice body as part of a national dialogue. This dialogue aims to guide Syria through its political transition following years of civil war and the downfall of former President Bashar al-Assad. Al-Sharaa emphasized that the state would maintain a monopoly on weapons, a critical issue in a country torn apart by multiple armed groups.

Held in Damascus, the meeting was presented by al-Sharaa and his governing group, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), as a pivotal step toward democratic transition and state rebuilding. However, concerns have emerged that the process is being rushed. In his opening speech, al-Sharaa called for Syrians to stand together to heal the wounds left by decades of dictatorship and announced the formation of a transitional justice committee. He also stated that efforts had been underway to pursue those responsible for crimes against Syrians.

Al-Sharaa reiterated that the state’s control over arms was not optional but a necessity. He also suggested that Kurdish-led forces, who had fought against al-Assad, should be integrated into the national army.

The timing of the conference took many by surprise, with plans shifting rapidly and invitations being issued as late as February 23. Despite this, approximately 600 participants attended the event, which covered topics such as transitional justice, constitutional reform, institution building, personal freedoms, civil society’s role, and the economy.

Although the recommendations made during the conference are non-binding, the international community is closely monitoring the event, particularly with regard to the potential lifting of sanctions imposed during al-Assad’s rule. One of the main goals of the conference is to draft a new constitution, but whether this can be accomplished within a single day remains uncertain.

Skepticism abounds, particularly among Syria’s minority groups, including Kurds, Christians, Druze, and Alawites, who remain wary of the new government’s promises of inclusive governance. HTS, previously linked to al-Qaida, now advocates for coexistence, but many of Syria’s autonomous Kurdish parties criticized the conference for offering only token representation. Some, like Dalia Dalati, a displaced public employee, are doubtful about any substantial outcomes, citing continuing economic and security challenges.

Nevertheless, some participants, including Orthodox Archbishop Elia Tohme, believe it is too early to judge the conference's impact. Iman Shahoud, a judge from Hama, expressed optimism, calling the gathering "the day of true victory," as it showcased the inclusion of diverse sects and genders from Syrian society.