U.S. intensifies tariff threats amid trade disputes

The U.S. administration has escalated its tariff rhetoric, with fresh threats targeting the European Union (EU) and revised plans for duties on Chinese imports. On January 21, President Donald Trump announced potential tariffs on the EU, reiterating concerns about trade imbalances. He also tied a proposed 10% tariff on Chinese goods to the ongoing issue of fentanyl trafficking, which he claims reaches the U.S. through Mexico and Canada.

These statements followed a day of market relief after Trump delayed immediate action on campaign promises to impose widespread tariffs. However, Trump underscored a February 1 deadline for a 25% tariff on Canada and Mexico, alongside penalties for China and the EU. He criticized the EU for maintaining trade surpluses with the U.S., labeling the imbalance as unfair and suggesting tariffs as the solution.

Trump also linked his tariff threats to broader immigration and drug enforcement policies, pressing Canada and Mexico to address illegal border crossings and the flow of illicit drugs, including fentanyl precursors from China. White House trade adviser Peter Navarro supported the urgency, citing the toll of fentanyl overdoses in the U.S.

In tandem, Trump signed a directive ordering federal agencies to review trade practices by April 1. This includes examining trade deficits, unfair practices, and currency manipulation. Recommendations may include supplemental global tariffs and changes to the duty-free exemption for low-value imports often associated with illicit drug trafficking.

Despite the harsh rhetoric, Trump’s measured approach has provided temporary market stability, with U.S. stocks experiencing a rally. However, renewed threats against China and the EU could disrupt this momentum.

Mexico and Canada have responded cautiously to the February 1 deadline, emphasizing sovereignty while stressing the importance of the trilateral trade agreement, which is not up for renegotiation until 2026. Meanwhile, U.S. agricultural stakeholders, such as corn farmers, have expressed concern over potential trade disruptions with these key export markets.