Morocco and the United States: a 239-year partnership of resilience and collaboration

The Moroccan–American Treaty of Peace and Friendship, signed in 1786, established one of the world’s oldest diplomatic relationships. Negotiated by American diplomat Thomas Barclay and Moroccan envoy Tahir Fannish under the reign of Sultan Mohammed III, the treaty marked the first formal agreement between the fledgling United States and an African or Muslim nation. Today, 239 years later, this historic partnership continues to thrive.

A shared vision forged in history

In 1777, Morocco became the first country to recognize the independence of the United States. The treaty, signed nine years later, reflected the foresight of leaders like Sultan Mohammed III and U.S. President George Washington, who saw the potential for mutual benefit in the relationship. In 1789, Washington acknowledged Morocco’s early diplomatic initiative in a letter to the sultan, expressing gratitude for the friendship and respect shown by the Moroccan ruler.

Over the centuries, Morocco and the United States have weathered global upheavals together—two world wars, regional conflicts, the Arab Spring, a global pandemic, and the evolving post-Cold War order. These shared experiences have strengthened a bond rooted in mutual respect and cooperation.

Modern ties: trade, culture, and security

Today, the Morocco-U.S. relationship is multifaceted. Bilateral trade exceeds $7 billion annually, with Moroccan exports like citrus and automobiles flowing to the U.S., while American goods such as animal feed and aerospace products reach Moroccan markets. Cultural exchange is equally vibrant, with American Peace Corps volunteers teaching in Moroccan communities and Moroccan professionals excelling in fields like finance and entertainment in the United States.

Security cooperation remains a cornerstone of the partnership. From the Roosevelt-Churchill summit in Casablanca during World War II to the annual African Lion military exercises, Morocco has proven itself a key ally in ensuring regional stability. These exercises, the largest conducted by U.S. Africa Command, have become a model for security collaboration in the Maghreb.

Morocco’s contributions extend beyond its borders. After the 2015 terror attacks in Paris, Moroccan intelligence played a critical role in identifying members of the responsible cell. Similarly, His Majesty King Mohammed VI’s discreet intervention facilitated the release of four French intelligence agents detained in Burkina Faso last year.

Soft power and regional leadership

Morocco’s influence also manifests through innovative economic approaches. The OCP Group, the nation’s phosphate giant, has adopted a cooperative investment model in Africa, emphasizing knowledge sharing and sustainable agricultural practices. This strategy contrasts with traditional extractive economic models, addressing critical challenges like soil degradation and climate change.

A lasting friendship in uncertain times

As global challenges intensify in 2025, the enduring relationship between Morocco and the United States serves as a testament to the power of diplomacy and visionary leadership. From the untested republic of the 18th century to today’s global superpower, the United States has found in Morocco a steadfast partner.

The legacy of leaders like Mohammed III and George Washington underscores the importance of collaboration in navigating uncertainty. As the United States celebrates its independence, the benefits of its enduring friendship with Morocco continue to resonate, offering hope and stability in an unpredictable world.