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Sarajevo faces emergency measures as air pollution reaches critical levels
Sarajevo has recently recorded some of the highest air pollution levels in the world, prompting local authorities to introduce emergency measures to protect public health. According to international air quality monitoring data, the Bosnian capital briefly ranked as the most polluted city globally in mid-December.
Despite slight improvements later in the week, concentrations of fine particulate matter known as PM2.5 remained far above the limits recommended by the World Health Organization. These microscopic particles, which can penetrate deep into the lungs, pose serious risks when exposure is prolonged.
Experts identify household heating as the main source of pollution. A significant number of households rely on wood, biomass, and outdated stoves that release large quantities of fine particles into the air. Limited access to cleaner heating alternatives has worsened the situation, especially during winter.
Sarajevo’s geographical location further aggravates the problem. Situated in a valley surrounded by mountains, the city often experiences temperature inversion, a weather phenomenon that traps cold air and pollutants close to the ground, reducing air circulation.
In response, authorities have restricted heavy vehicles, banned non-compliant cars, and temporarily suspended construction activities. While these measures may reduce emissions in the short term, specialists warn that air pollution remains a long-standing challenge in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with health and economic consequences felt year after year.