Morocco-Spain tunnel: forging a new era of Euro-African connection

A proposed tunnel under the Strait of Gibraltar is drawing fresh attention as Morocco and Spain renew efforts to bridge their continents. Beyond the technical challenges, the project symbolizes a potential transformation in diplomacy, trade, and cultural integration between Europe and Africa.

Reviving an ambitious vision

In Tangier, ferries shuttle passengers, goods, and tourists across the Strait of Gibraltar, a critical gateway between Africa and Europe. Today, the vision of a permanent link—a 42-kilometer underwater rail tunnel—between Punta Paloma in Spain and Punta Malabata in Morocco, is once again a focus of international collaboration.

Spain recently committed €1.6 million to updated feasibility studies, marking a significant step forward after decades of stalled progress. First conceived in the 1980s and formally revived in 2023, the tunnel project has persisted through political shifts and disruptions, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Officials on both sides are now framing it as more than infrastructure: a bridge uniting continents in trade, culture, and economic ambition.

Spanish Transport Minister Óscar Puente and Moroccan authorities jointly emphasized the tunnel’s geopolitical importance, describing it as a symbol of cooperation in an increasingly interconnected world.

Technical challenges and geopolitical stakes

The tunnel’s engineering complexity is immense. Descending as deep as 475 meters below the sea and passing through a seismically active zone near the Azores-Gibraltar fault line, it would set a new benchmark in underwater rail construction. Experts have likened it to the Eurotunnel, but with greater geological and environmental hurdles.

For Morocco, the tunnel represents more than a physical connection—it is a statement of leadership and soft power. As the only African nation co-hosting the 2030 FIFA World Cup, alongside Spain and Portugal, Morocco is solidifying its role as a bridge between continents. While initial plans aimed to complete the tunnel by the tournament, estimates now place its completion closer to 2040.

Increased collaboration between Morocco and Spain is also part of a broader EU strategy. Spain’s Foreign Minister José Manuel Albares has called for stronger EU-Morocco ties, highlighting shared interests amid global economic and political uncertainty. The project aligns with the European Green Deal and the EU’s efforts to diversify supply chains through deeper partnerships with North and West Africa.

Economic transformation and local impact

Economists see the tunnel as a potential game-changer for regional logistics and trade. Morocco, already a key trade partner for Spain and the EU, could reinforce its role as a gateway for African goods, labor, and investments. The initiative also supports Europe’s push to secure alternative trade routes in response to global disruptions.

Spanish officials predict significant economic benefits, including smoother movement of goods and services, which would accelerate Morocco’s economic development. Meanwhile, high-speed ferry services between Tarifa and Tangier, launched by Balearia in May 2025, further highlight the growing demand for connectivity across the strait.

Despite the tunnel’s promise, ferries will remain vital, offering flexibility and cost-effective options for travelers and goods. The tunnel, however, would provide a weather-resistant, permanent alternative, reflecting the increasing integration of the two regions.

Balancing dreams and doubts

While the project has captured imaginations, it faces skepticism. Environmental activists have raised concerns over drilling in the ecologically sensitive Strait of Gibraltar, a crucial junction for marine biodiversity. Additionally, critics point to the tunnel’s history of missed deadlines and shifting political priorities. Though initial plans date back to the early 2000s, tangible progress remains elusive.

The technical and financial challenges are daunting. The tunnel would require unprecedented engineering solutions, surpassing existing underwater rail projects in scale and complexity. However, its symbolic significance keeps the vision alive.

A symbol of unity

At its core, the Morocco-Spain tunnel represents more than steel and concrete. It reflects a shared aspiration for economic integration, cultural exchange, and deeper solidarity between Europe and Africa. For families, students, workers, and tourists traversing the strait, it holds the promise of greater accessibility and opportunity.

Whether the tunnel becomes a reality will depend on sustained political will and international cooperation. If completed, it could stand as a defining achievement of Euro-African unity in the 21st century. Until then, it remains a vision, but one that continues to inspire progress.